Torispherical Head

Torispherical head is a type of vessel head consisting of a dish with a toroidal section (spherical cap centered on the vessel) joined to a cylindrical section.

Torispherical head (or flanged and dished head), These heads have a dish with a fixed radius (r1), the size of which depends on the type of torispherical head. The transition between the cylinder and the dish is called the knuckle. The knuckle has a toroidal shape.

These heads have a dish with a fixed radius, the size of which depends on the type of torispherical head. The transition between the cylinder and the dish is called the knuckle. The knuckle has a toroidal shape.

Vessel dished ends are mostly used in storage or pressure vessels in industry. These ends, which in upright vessels are the bottom and the top, use less space than a hemisphere (which is the ideal form for pressure containments) while requiring only a slightly thicker wall.

Material

Carbon steel tank ends/caps, flat dished head: SA516 GR60N,GR70N
Stainless steel ellipsoidal dished end, elliptical tank head: SA240 304, 316
Titanium alloy pressure vessel ends: SB256 GR1, GR2, GR5

Usage of Torispherical head

Torispherical head are commonly used in the design and construction of tanks and pressure vessels that operate under high pressure conditions. They are typically used at the end of cylindrical vessels where the transition is made from the cylindrical part to the end closure.

Some common applications of elliptical heads include:

Pressure vessels: Torispherical head are frequently used as end closures for pressure vessels such as boilers, reactors, and distillation columns. These vessels are used in industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, and power generation.
Tanks: Torispherical head can be used in the construction of storage tanks for liquids or gases such as water, fuel, and natural gas. They provide a smooth transition between the tank body and the tank head.
Heat exchangers: Torispherical head can also be used in the construction of heat exchangers such as shell-and-tube heat exchangers, which are used in a wide range of industries including food processing, pharmaceuticals, and HVAC.

Torispherical head are widely used in various industries where pressure vessels, tanks, or heat exchangers are required to operate at high pressures and temperatures. The specific application, size, material, and thickness of an elliptical head depend on the requirements and design standards of the project.

Torispherical head Dimensional Characteristics:

Compared with elliptical head, due to its easier manufacturing processes, the torispherical head is often used in addition to the pressure is larger diameter pressure vessel.

With the same same design conditions with the same design pressure, design temperature and material, your calculated wall thickness under internal pressure will be approximately half of the shell thickness.

For example, if you have calculated your shell thickness under internal pressure and obtained 12 mm, your hemispherical head thickness also will be approximately 6 mm.

The inside depth of your Torispherical head will be one-half of head inside diameter (h = D/2).

Dimensional Inspection of Pressure Torispherical head

You need to make a dimensional inspection on the pressure Torispherical head for any effort for the fit-up process. The dimensional inspection is done on the knuckle radius, crown radius, skirt length, depth and thickness.

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Pipeline steel plate API 5L PSL1 X46 and Pipeline steel coil API 5L PSL1 X46 are mainly used in making steel pipes for pipeline which transporting oil and gas.

Technical Requirements & Additional Services:

Drop weight test (DWTT)
Low temperature impacting test
Ultrasonic test under EN 10160,ASTM A435,A577,A578
Issued Orginal Mill test certificate under EN 10204 FORMAT 3.1/3.2
Shot blasting and Painting,Cutting and welding as per end user’s demands

What are the differences Between Elliptical Head and Torispherical Heads?

Elliptical heads and torispherical heads are two types of products, so there is no doubt that they are different in terms of shape and design. In addition, there are also many differences in the machining process, and it is obvious that torispherical heads are much easier to machine. The ellipsoidal head is deformed under pressure, which means that it tends to produce opposite radial displacement in the joint. The torispherical head, on the other hand, is formed by the stamping process, which is basically not difficult.

The bending radius of ellipsoidal head is continuous and no stress is generated, so it can be used in higher pressure vessels; while the joint of disc-shaped head is discontinuous and stress exists, so this type of head is chosen for low pressure vessels. But as far as stress is concerned it is better to have ellipsoidal heads, but the metal consumption of torispherical heads will be lower.

When the pipeline reaches the head and is not ready to be extended now, the head is welded to the pipe and used as an end.
Used on pressure vessels with a head on the top and bottom and a straight pipe section in the middle, used as a storage tank for pressure vessels.

The ellipsoidal head with the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the rotating ellipsoidal sphere bus is 2.0, which is usually called standard ellipsoidal head. The mechanical properties of ellipsoidal heads are second only to those of hemispherical heads but better than those of disc-shaped heads. As the depth of ellipsoidal head is between that of hemispherical head and disc-shaped head, the requirements for stamping equipment and moulds as well as the manufacturing difficulty are also between them, i.e., it is easier than hemispherical head and more difficult than disc-shaped head. In recent years, the adoption of spinning manufacturing process has brought convenience to the manufacture of large diameter ellipsoidal heads. Elliptical heads are widely used for medium and low pressure vessels due to their better overall performance.

The elliptical head is a very well stressed head as better technology has been adopted in recent years and it is easier to manufacture larger elliptical heads. As a result, its overall performance is very good and it is suitable for low and medium pressure vessels. It is easier to use and better made.

What is the difference between ellipsoidal head and Torispherical head?

1. Different shapes.

Elliptical head, also called oval head, consists of half ellipsoidal sphere and cylindrical straight side part. It has the advantages of good force on the head of hemispherical head and shallow depth on the head of disc-shaped head. As the curvature of the elliptical bend is smooth and continuous, the stresses in the head are distributed relatively evenly.

The disc-shaped head, also known as a spherical head with sides. It consists of a spherical surface, a cylindrical straight edge of a certain height and a transition part which connects the above two parts and whose radius of curvature is smaller than the radius of the spherical surface.

2. Different forces.

An elliptical head is stronger than a dished head, but an elliptical head of the same diameter is somewhat deeper than a dished one and is slightly more difficult to manufacture than a dished head. It consumes more materials and costs a bit more, and the difference in volume remains small.

3. If you choose ellipsoidal head and disc-shaped head which conform to JB4746 "Head for Steel Pressure Vessel" standard, it is relatively better to use ellipsoidal head because the wall thickness calculated by ellipsoidal head for the same pressure, temperature and diameter according to GB150 is smaller than that elected with non-standard ellipsoidal head.

Features

End Caps are used for connecting pipes of different diameters and find wide applications in various chemicals, construction industries, paper, cement & ship builders.

Pipe caps are widely well-known for the utmost output and outstanding results that it gives.

It is commonly made from the one steel plate, so it should be seamless. The pipe end caps are available in various shapes, like the hemispherical, oval, round etc.